近两个月来,一款名叫“咔哇潮饮”的饮料在年轻人群中“走红”,但据相关部门检验,该饮料中含有国家管制的精神药物“γ-羟基丁酸”,会造成人暂时性记忆丧失,严重的会导致死亡。
最近,国家食药监总局已要求相关地区食品药品监督管理部门责令企业立即停止生产销售,并召回相关食品,查封扣押涉案饮料及原辅料。
经查,在该饮料的瓶外装上,厂家标示所含成分为“γ-氨基丁酸”,但对饮料成分进行检验和分析后,发现其中含有高浓度的“γ-羟基丁酸”。二者虽然仅一字之差,但在性状上却差距甚远。滥用“γ-羟基丁酸”会造成暂时性记忆丧失、恶心、呕吐、头痛、反射作用丧失,严重的会导致失去意识、昏迷及死亡。我国已将“γ-羟基丁酸”列入一类精神药物予以管制。
“咔哇潮饮”饮料主要在娱乐场所销售。国家食品药品监督管理总局要求食品经营者和网络食品交易第三方平台立即停止销售。
红牛、东鹏特饮等饮料被指含二类精神药品
有媒体日前送检了红牛、东鹏特饮等9款功能饮料,检测结果显示,红牛和东鹏饮料配方中有可能会生成微量国家二类精神药品——安钠咖。
对此,红牛中国方面在接受《第一财经日报》记者采访时称,以国家食药监局对公司产品检验结果通报为准;东鹏饮料方面(客服)则以“公司相关负责人在外出差”为由,未向本报做更多回应。
安钠咖,又称苯甲酸钠咖啡因,是由苯甲酸钠和咖啡因以近似1:1的比例配成的,其中咖啡因起兴奋神经作用,苯甲酸钠起助溶作用以帮助人体吸收。
据了解,长期使用,会产生药物耐受性,需要不断加大用药剂量外,也有与咖啡因相似的药物依赖性和毒副作用,因此安钠咖属我国严格管制的精神药品。
大健康成功能饮料市场发展趋势 预计2020年零售额超1600亿
饮料在国标中被定义为供直接饮用或按一定比例用水冲调或冲泡饮用的,乙醇含量不超过0.5%的制品。也可为饮料浓浆或固体形态。饮料分为包装饮用水、果蔬汁类及其饮料、蛋白饮料、碳酸饮料、特殊用途饮料、风味饮料、茶(类)饮料、咖啡(类)饮料、植物饮料、固体饮料、其他类饮料等类型。
保健饮料(功能饮料)是指获得保健注册批准的饮料产品。自2004年以来,国家食药监总局批准了70多个保健饮料,功能主要以缓解体力疲劳为主,此外还有少量增强免疫力、缓解视疲劳、清咽、对化学性肝损伤有辅助保护功能等。营养素原料以维生素氨基酸等配伍为主,草本原料主要有人参、西洋参、红景天、灵芝、石斛、浆果类(沙棘、枸杞子、桑葚)等。
据欧睿公司数据显示,2015年,中国功能饮料市场规模达606亿元,同比增长15.16%。2013年—2017年,功能能量饮料的年均增幅达到23.5%,预计到2020年,中国功能饮料零售量将达到150.37亿升,零售额将达1635.28亿元。
( 责任编辑: 黄淑蓉 )
1、多喝易造成营养不良;
2、适合特殊人群;
3、不能代替水;
4、不宜睡前喝;
5、混搭酒品风险高;
6、不利于牙齿健康。
FreeMarker template error:
The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> zxzx.logo [in template "zixun/baoguang_xiangxi.ftl" at line 269, column 30]
Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally null/missing, either specify a default value with myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthessis: (myOptionVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionVar.foo)??
The failing instruction (FTL stack trace):
----------
==> #if zxzx.logo != "" [in template "zixun/baoguang_xiangxi.ftl" at line 269, column 25]
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Java stack trace (for programmers):
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:98)
at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:230)
at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.compare(EvalUtil.java:148)
at freemarker.core.ComparisonExpression.evalToBoolean(ComparisonExpression.java:103)
at freemarker.core.IfBlock.accept(IfBlock.java:82)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:93)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visitByHiddingParent(Environment.java:286)
at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$Context.runLoop(IteratorBlock.java:193)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:509)
at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:103)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visitByHiddingParent(Environment.java:286)
at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:86)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:93)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:265)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:243)
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:277)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:366)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:283)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:233)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:167)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:250)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1047)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:817)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:719)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:669)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:574)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:617)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:723)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at com.modu.secure.html.filter.CacheFilter.doFilter(CacheFilter.java:90)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:88)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:76)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at com.modu.secure.util.AppUrlFilter.sendMsite(AppUrlFilter.java:311)
at com.modu.secure.util.AppUrlFilter.doFilter(AppUrlFilter.java:135)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:293)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:861)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:606)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:489)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)